试论戟的几个问题

Several Problems Concerning the Ji

考古工作的每一步新进展,都推动了人们对古代事物的新认识。关于戟的探讨即是如此。从清儒研究考工戟制,到1930年郭沫若先生撰写《说戟》,1935年郭宝钧先生发表《戈戟余论》,曾有人认为,关于戟已经没有再讨论的必要了。但70年代以来,考古发掘又发现了许多新的有价值的材料,促使学术界对戟作进一步的研究,本文将在此基础上,对一些问题进行讨论。

According to the author of the present paper, the bronze cruciform weapon populas during the Western Zhou dynasty should be named as 'cruciform ge' in stead of ji. In the Shang-Zhou period, two improvements were made in ge to increase its assaulting effect. One is the continuation of the upper blade, which led to the appearance of the cruciform ge with a protrusive sharp point. The second is the addition of a spear-head to the end of ge, and hence the birth of ji.The change in both sound and shape of the character ji serves as a good example of the language in the Eastern Zhou dynasty.The multi-headed ji of the Jiang-Han region in the Eastern Zhou dynasty is but a particular rather than usual form. The one pole plus numerous heads is not really the basic feature of ji as some suggested.