传胡壤《番马图》作者考略

On the Authorship of " Foreign Horses" Attributed to Hu Gui

传为胡瓌所绘的《番马图》现藏台北故宫博物院。此图为一精致的手卷,绢本,墨彩(图一～三)卷后附有三跋(图四、五)。今传为胡瓌的作品并不鲜见,清内府原收藏4件,现已分散在北京、台北故宫博物院和辽宁省博物馆。但仅凭笼统的视觉比较即知这几件“传胡瓌”的作品间区别甚大:如北京故宫的胡瓌《卓歇图》(图六)和台北的《番马图》间毫无共性。因而研究它们的确切归属对于理解契丹文化以至于唐末五代的北方汉文化有重要的作用。但是《番马图》自《石渠宝笈》之后即被冷落,在《故宫书画录》中被列入简目,至今尚未有出版的图片、插图。正应了米芾在《画史》中所谓:“东丹王、胡瓌番马,见七、八本,虽好,非斋室清玩。”

Four paintings in the collection either of Beijing Palace Museum or Taipei Palace Museum or Liaoning Museum are believed to be works by Hu Gui of the Five dynasties. However, the four are miles different from each other. The ' Foreign Hoorses' from Beijing and ' Nomadic scene' from Taipei, in fact, have nothing in common. Basing himself on the photo of ' Foreign Horses' kindly provided by the Taipei Palace Museum, and on old references and other handed-over paintings and tombs murals, the author of the present essay brings forth the hypothesis that the painting was by one of the Hu's or anybody of the Hu school. It this is true, then the other painting, ' Nomadic scene', must be work of anybody but Hu' s.