和平发展与非洲的妇女解放

PEACE, DEVELOPMENT AND THE EMANCIPATION OF WOMEN IN AFRICA

自1975年6月联合国在墨西哥城召开第一次世界妇女大会以来,妇女问题日益为国际社会所瞩目。越来越多的人认识到,妇女的权利是人权的一部分,世界的和平与发展离不开妇女。为进一步唤起各国政府和社会各界对妇女问题的重视,1975年底,联合国大会宣布1976～1985年为“联合国妇女十年:平等、发展、和平”。1985年7月,在内罗毕召开的“审查和评价联合国妇女大会十年成就世界会议”(即第三次世界妇女大会)

Peace and development are the two major themes confronting our time, and they are the two pre-conditions for the emancipation of women as well. The emancipation of women who account for almost half of the human population is a motive force for promoting world peace and social development. The global women's movements share the same final objective and working approach, that is, eleminating sex discrimination and realizing equality between men and women, and so on; however, because of the imbalence of political and economic develop-ments among various countries and regions and of the difference of their reli-gions, history and cultural traditions, so the principal challenges and tasks facing the women's emancipation movements in various countries and regions at the present stage are also different. In Africa, and other underdeveloped countries and regions, the current emphasis of the women's rights movement is not on 'sexual violence'or 'sexual harassment'and other sex discriminations which the European and American women are keen on discussing, but on the broader social themes as war and poverty. As far as the broad African women are concerned, the halting of wars and elimination of poverty are the main challenges confronting the women's movement in Africa, and theiy also constitute the main the-mes for African women in striving for right to survive and to develop.