略论二次大战中非洲战场的若干问题

SEVERAL ISSUES CONCERNING THE AFRICAN BATTLEFIELDS DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR

今年是第二次世界大战结束和世界反法西斯战争胜利50周年。世界五大洲不同肤色、不同种族的人们都为反法西斯战争的胜利作出了自己的贡献。 非洲战场是第二次世界大战的重要组成部分。笔者想就与非洲战场有关的问题略陈管见,就教于学术界。 一、关于二战和反法西斯战争开始的时间 中外关于二战史的著作一般都把1939年9月1日德国进攻波兰、9月3日英法正式对德宣战作为第二次世界大战爆发的起点。但史学界也存在一些不同看法。

The attack of the German army against Poland on September 1,1939 was the starting point of the Second Worid War while the Italian aggression against Ethiopia on October 3, 1935 being the starting point of the Anti-Fascist war. As such,the two wars should not be regarded as one and the same thing. During the Second World War, the main battlefie'ds against the Nazi Germany and Italian fascists took place in Europe, and Africa was its flank. However, Africa's strategic position and the outcomes of the war on the African battlefields had very importsnt significance and impact on the European battlefields and even on the complete process of the War. The two theatres of war in Europe and Africa should be taken as an organic whole, so we should pay attention to the research on the African theatre of wa r as well. Africa was particularly significant to France: the French resistence force headed by Charles De Gaulle took Africa as its base, and after four years of hard struggle, it succeeded in forming the French National Liberation Committee, a de facto provisional government in mid-1943 with Algiers as its capital, uniting all the French political and military forces abroad, thus completing preparations as well as laying foundations for the defeat of the Nazi Germany, the recovery of the French territory and the building of a new republic following the final victory.