非洲国家政体初探

SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT IN AFRICAN COUNTRIES, A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION

政治体制问题是当代政治学研究的一项重要课题。政治体制亦称政治制度,通常指治理国家的方式、方法的总和,包括国家的管理形式、结构形式以及选举制度、政党制度等一系列制度。而作为政治体制重要内容之一的政府体制,也就是我们通常所说的政体在政治体制问题的研究中显得尤为重要。这是因为,政府是国家的行政办事机构,国家的意志和职能都是通过政府来具体实现的,政府机构的正常运转是社会生活得以进行的重要保证。

The question concerning government systems is an important subject in the research of African politics. Government systems refer in general to the compositive forms of state power, that is, forms a ruler adopts to organize and run state apparatus. With regard to the man bodies of power and their inter-relations in various African countries, systems of government in African countries can be divided into five different forms as follows: presidential system (including one-party presidential system and multi-party presidential system), parliamentary system (including parliamentary monarchy and parliamentary republic), monarchy, military regime and popular republic; each has its different power structures, playing different roles.In the long process of development and evolution,systems of government in African countries have proved themselves in their different forms to be characterizel as multiple, changeable and immature, etc..