王国维“有我之境”与“无我之境”新论

Wang Guowei's“Subjective-State”and“Non-Subjective State”Viewed from a Fresh Angle

本文从中国古代哲学关于宇宙、人生“有”“无”境界的学说和“以我观物”、“以物观物”的本义入手,对土国维的两种境界说作出新的解释,认为“有我之境”乃超越“小我”之儒家境界,“无我之境”乃超越“大我”之道家境界;“以我观物”是以一巳之情现物,仍末忘我,“以物观物”是以万物之理现物,即以“道心”观物,是为忘我大达,高于前者,因而,“无我之境”高于“有我之境”。王氏推崇“无我之境”,实为道家“贵无”思想的影响。

In discussing ancient Chinese philosophic theories of the 'State of Being 'and the 'State of Non-being' in the universe and human life as well as the true meaning of'viewing things from my own point,' and 'viewing one thing through another,' this article throws a new light on the interpretation of the two states. The author holds that the 'subjective state' is a Confucian state transcending 'idiocracy,' while the 'non - subjective state' is a Taoist state surpassing 'subjectiveness in general. ' 'Viewing things from my own point' is perceiving things still in 'self consciousness, 'whereas 'viewing one thing through another'is viewing things 'in the Taoist mind's eye,' reaching a higher state of being oblivious of 'self.' Therefore, the 'non -subjective state' is superior to the 'subjective state. ' Wang Guowei had great esteem for the ' non- subjective state'. This reveals the influence upon him by the Taoist philosophy 'non -being is of supremeness. '