幼儿对心理状态的认识

PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S UNDERSTANDING OF MENTAL STATES

本研究探讨３—５岁儿童对自身和他人心理状态认识的发展过程．借助图片和玩具结合四种作业任务，对１９１名儿童进行了实验和短期追踪实验。结果表明：３岁儿童尚不能对心理状态作出认识，４岁半左右是儿童认识心理状态的转折期，到５岁末能完全把握自身和他人的心理状态．在四项作业任务中，儿童通过的先后次序为他人误念判断和他人未知判断、现象一实在区分、表征变换．这一方面与儿童的认知发展趋势有关，另一方面也与实验的情景和材料有关．

The aim of this study was to explore the development of preschool children's understanding of their mental states. 191 children aged 3-5 were tested through the appearance-reality distinction task, representational change task, ignorance task and false belief task. Two follow-up tests were administered to the subjects 3 or 4 months later. The results showed 3-year-old children lacked the ability to understand their own and others mental states,whereas 4. 5-year-olds basically passed most of the tasks. By the age of six, they possessed the ability quite well. The acquisition of these abilities followed the order of false belief and ignorance judgement, appearance-reality distionctin, and representational change.