启动效应再探──预诱发提取策略和启动刺激显现时间的影响

A RESEARCH ON PRIMING EFFECT: THE INFLUENCE OF INDUCED-STRATEGIES AND SOA

本研究旨在发现启动效应与启动刺激呈现时间及预诱发提取策略的关系．实验Ⅰ表明在不同的建阈值的判断任务之后，语义启动效应随启动刺激呈现时间的减少而减小，但减小到某一值后又开始增大，而重复启动效应则随启动刺激呈现时间减少而增本，但增大到某一值后又开始减小，这一结果为证明中心──周围提取假说（Ｃａｒｒ，１９９０）提供了证据．实验Ⅱ的结果是：在相同的提取策略下，启动效应随启动刺激呈现时间的延长而增大，这一结果充分说明无意识知觉加工的作用；而在相同的呈现时间下，提取策略对启动效应的作用受启动刺激呈现时间长短的制约：当呈现时间达到或超过某一值时，提取策略导致启动效应是“Ｕ”型，小于该值时，提取策略则不起作用。

The article focuses on how the time of presenting priming in my experiments and the retrieval strategies induced by threshold-setting tasks influence the pattern of priming effect. Experiment Ⅰ shows that the relationship between prime's time and priming is unlinear. The semantic priming decreases with prime's time, but when prime's time decreases to a certain point, the semantic priming begins to increase and prime's time further decreases. And the repetition priming increases while prime's time decreases, but when prime's time decreases to a certain point,the repetition priming begins to decrease and prime's time further decreases. These results provide convincing evidences to support the center-surround retreival hypothesis proposed by Cars and Dagenbach (1990). The results of Experiment Ⅱ are: 1)under the condition of using the same retreival strategy,the semantic priming increases with prime's time, which indicates that the deeper the unconscious perception gets, the larger the semantic priming will be; 2)under the condition of using the same prime's time but differently induced retrieval strategies there are two consequences; one is that the strategy has no effect on the semantic priming if the prime's time is very short; the other is that the strategy leads the semantic priming to a 'U' pattern if the prime' s time has reached one point (46 ms in my experiment).