斯腾伯格(R.J.Sternberg)三重智力理论述评

COMMENTS ON R. J. STERNBERG’S TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE

本文分三部分。一、论述斯氏对传统ＩＱ测验的主要批评。二、介绍三重智力理论，尤以情境亚理论和经验亚理论为重点。三、对三重智力理论的基本评价：它拓宽了智力本质的内涵，为编制较理想的测验提供了较适当的基础，在三重理论的框架内能较好解决测验有效性和测验公平性问题；三重结构本质上是一种层级结构而非平行结构；经验亚理论与或分亚理论之间的关系值得进一步探讨。

The paper consists of three parts. The first part discusses Sterberg's major criticisms of to tests, which include the lack of consequentiality of to test materials, the attachment of too much importance to speed ratherthan speed selection, too much emphasis on academic achievement orientation in the test contents and failure to avoid test anxiety. These criticisms are right and to the point. The second part introduces the triarchic theory of intelligence-context subtheory,experience subtheory and compoment subtheory (with greater stress on metacomponent).The third Part evaluates the triarchic theory, which incltldes three major points:1) this theory deepens our understanding of the nature of intelligence and presents us with a complete constituent picture of intelligence, which provides a more proper basis for better tests. 2) in the framework of this theory, the problem of test validity and fairness, which has long puzzled the makers of tests, can be better solved. 3) Basically speaking, the triarchic structure is a hierarchic railler than a parallelled structure. It is suggested ill this paper that the relationship between the experience subtheory and the component subtheory should be further studied. If the context subtheory 11as the nature of metatheory, the experience subtheory falls into the category of the submetatheory.