西安市小学生中独生与非独生子女个性品质的比较研究

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN ONLY AND NON-ONLY CHILDREN OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN XI' AN

本文研究了西安城区１０所小学７８７名独生与非独生子女个性品质方面的情况。我们设计了有１８个行为项目的教师问卷（每项按五等评分）及家长问卷；对结果进行了因素分析，据所聚类的项目内容，将所得四个因素命名为人际关系、自我中心、学习动力和独立性，进行多变量的变异数分析结果表明，独生子女的自我中心和学习动力比非独生子女强烈；而独立性却比非独生子女差．这说明独生子女在个性品质方面既有缺点，也有优点，不能说得一无是处；关键在于正确的教育思想和方法。

This study investigated the petsonality traits,namely, interpersonal skills, self-centeredness, achievement motivation, independence in only and sibling children of 10 primary schools in Xi' an. The subjects were 787 only and non-only children of grades 1, 3, and 5. They were rated on a 5-point scale by their school-masters and teachers-in-charge-of-the-class on an 18 -item inventory.The information of family background was gnthered by a questionaire completed by parents with the help of the teachers. Analysis of the data showed that only children were more self-centered and strongly achievement motivated but less independent than non-only children.Girls got higher ratings on interpersonal skills,achievement motivation and independence than boys, only boys scoring.were more self-centered and achievement motivated than boys with siblings, only girls were more self-centered,achievement motivated but less independent than girls with siblings.