伊斯兰运动与中东穆斯林国家的政治合法性危机——以埃及和沙特阿拉伯为例

ISLAM MOVEMENT AND THE CRISIS OF POLITICAL LEGITIMACY-OF THE MOSLEM COUNTRIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST

从60年代末开始,中东各穆斯林国家就产生了一场影响深远的伊斯兰运动,其特征是,不仅中东各国政府争相强调其伊斯兰特性,更为重要的是民众中的伊斯兰倾向大为加强,各种名目的伊斯兰组织无不带有极强烈的政治诉求。尤其到70年代末。

Since late 1970s, Moslem countries in the Middle East have confronted with the crisis of their political legitimacy for their ruling authority—challenges from mass Islam movement.With democratic ideology being on rise after the end of the cold war,lslam organizations have tried hard to obtain the state power through parliamentary democracy and realize the Islamic political ideal. The political legitimacy crisis of the Moslem countries reflects the serious disequilibrium in the social structure, that is to say, the social entity with its politics, economy and culture has met with serious obstruction in its operation. Generally speaking, Egypt and Saudi Arabia belong to different types of Moslem countries,but they bear many similarities with regard to culture: their cultural system and traditions which were formed around the nucleus of Islam have conflicted seriously with the fast developing economy and politics. Various Islamic organizations have tried hard to overthrow the existing political authority and change the political structure; this in a sense is an attempt to bring about equilibrium to the social structure.