体制创新:中国养老保险改革的必由之路

System Innovation: The Only Way for Endowment Insurance System Reformation

建立全方位的养老保障体系必须破除城乡、城市内部"双二元结构",走改革之路。为此,需要在理清养老保障、养老保险、养老保障体系、养老保险体制和机制等概念基础上,构建以社会养老保险-家庭户养老为主体,聚居型养老和流动型养老为辅,即主体与两翼相结合的积累补充型养老保险新体制。改革和体制创新的关键,一是确立以个人账户积累为主制度,实行个人缴费积累制和积累账户部分实体化,突出个人缴费的主体地位和作用。二是建立与个人账户紧密相连的企业(单位)积累为辅制度,适当降低企业(单位)缴费率,保证补充型养老体制的顺利运转。三是摆正政府与市场的关系。

The rapid population aging in 21st century calls for a full old-age security system .It is imperative to carry out necessary reforms and break the traditional dual structure that distinguishes rural residents from urban ones and that distinguishes urban residents within cities .To this end, we need to first clarify the key concepts of old-age security , endowment insurance , old-age security system, endowment insurance system and mechanism , and so on.Our target is to set up a new en-dowment insurance system which relies mainly on social endowment insurance system and ( family ) household supporting for the elderly , combined with community supporting and mobile supporting as two types of active supplements .The key of the reform and system innovation includes:1 ) to set up a system relying mainly on personal account accumulation , and to make the personal account a true account and emphasize its role as main body of the system .2 ) to set up a supplement system of enterprise account accumulation , which is closely connected to personal account .It is advisable to apply a relatively lower premium rate for the enterprise account so as to smooth the supplement system’s operation.3) to assign appropriate roles for the government and the market .