文物鉴定所涉职业伦理问题评析

Review of Professional Ethics Problem Involved in the Authentication

分析鉴定考古材料属于科学研究行为,关注和强调的是认知的客观性。但对来历不明或盗掘文物进行研究鉴定,可能使文物学术价值转化为市场商业价值。文物的商业化——为了个人利益文物作为商品被利用——将导致对考古遗址的破坏,摧毁增进人类知识的基础。公共利益原则是科学活动的基本伦理原则。西方学界已认识到文物鉴定事关考古学职业伦理,对科学行为与伦理责任之关系进行了反思并制定了相应的伦理道德规范。

As the activity of scientific research,authentication pursues objectivity. But to authenticate unknown provenance antiquities will provide an academic pedigree,and academic significance might be translated into monetary value. The commercialization of archaeological objects,i. e. their use as commodities to be exploited for personal profit,results in the destruction of archaeological site. It will destroy the foundation that may contribute to human's knowledge. Public benefit is the basic ethic principle of scientific activity. Now,the Western academic circle shares the view that ethic problems are involved in the authentication of antiquities,and they attempt to reflect the relation between scientific research and responsibility,and establish the code of ethics which refrains from authenticating or valuating unknown provenance antiquities.