从教育公平视角探讨我国的高考制度改革

On the Reform of the College Entrance Examination System in China from the Perspective of Educational Equality

高考制度是社会关注的热点,直接关系到高等教育的质量与水平。"科学与公平"的高考制度是构建和谐社会、推进教育改革与发展、培养创新型人才的要求。高考制度的演变体现在考试资格、考试科目、考试科目分值、考试方式、考生志愿的设置、考试权限的归属、学费数额等方面,其核心价值取向是"科学与公平"。目前的高考制度存在着区域不公平、城乡不公平、高考方式不公平、高校竞争生源不公平等现象,其最终根源是我国高考招生权限设置不合理,政治经济文化发展不平衡,社会过分重视第一学历。增强高考制度的公平性应该从以下几个方面着手:合理设置教育行政机构与高等学校的招生权限;增强考试内容的科学性,合理设置考试科目的分值;改革考试方式,拓展人才选拔渠道;优化高校收费制度,完善贫困生资助体系。

As the focus of the society,the college entrance examination system is directly related to the level and the quality of the higher education. A scientific and fair college entrance examination system is a necessity to build a harmonious society,promote the reform and development of education,and cultivate innovative talents. The evolution of the college entrance examination system is embodied in the test qualification,test subjects,test scores,test mode,the setting of the aspirations of examinees,the belonging of test authority limits,tuition,and so on,whose core value is 'science and fairness'; while currently there is the unfairness in regions,in urban and rural areas,in test mode,and in the competition of students source among colleges, which is due to the unreasonable setting of authority in college admissions,the unbalanced development of politics,economy,and culture,and the excessive attention to the first degree by the society. In order to enhance the fairness of the college entrance examination system,we should set the admission authority limits of the educational administrative institutions and higher learning institutions properly,strengthen the scientific nature of the test contents,set the scores of the test subjects reasonably,reform the test mode,expand the channels of talent selection,optimize the tuition system,and improve the supporting system for poor students.