试论中国教育近现代化过程中教育时间体系的重构

Reconstruction of Chinese Educational Time Management System in Course of Modernization

在东西方各自文化基础上形成的教育时间体系是教育活动的重要维度。中国传统的教育时间体系以朱子的"宽着期限,紧着课程"为原则,在《程氏家塾读书日程安排》中得到了完整的体现,对于中国传统教育产生了重大影响。然而在晚清,具有农业时间特点的中国传统教育时间体系被抛弃,具有西方工业时间特色的现代教育时间体系被建构起来,从而使中国教育的面貌发生了质的变化。在中国教育现代化的过程中,"教育时间体系的重构"既是其中的一个重要内容,也是其中的一项重要指标。

Construction of education time management system, which was based on their national culture basis,is an important content in the course of educational process in both east and west. The Chinese traditional education time management system, ruled on the principle of 'giving plenty of time on learning, and supervising strictly' proposed by Zhufucius, and constructed perfectively by Cheng duan-meng in his book of Reading Schedule in Chengshi's Family School in Yuan Dynasty, had significant impact on Chinese traditional education. But at Late Qing,the process that Chinese traditional education time management system featured with agricultural time was abandoned, and the modern education time management system featured with industrial time was constructed, which brought some fundamental change to Chinese education.Thus, in the course of modernization of Chinese education, the reconstruction of educational time management system is not only an important content, but also an important indicator.