美国城市学校儿童“步行校车”组织方式及启示

Enlightenments of Organization of Walking School Bus in American Urban Schools

美国"步行校车"是指成年人陪伴儿童步行上下学。"步行校车"有两种组织形式:家长-家长组织方式、学校-社会组织-家长的合作方式。"步行校车"的组织分四个步骤:确定参与者、评估可行性、策划、评估成效。在对美国"步行校车"兴起原因分析基础上,以波特兰市为例研究"步行校车"的组织形式与运作。并对我国城镇化中的"步行校车"提出建议:确定区域性的"步行校车"组织政策;完善市政服务设施,营造"步行校车"安全的社会环境;积极协调参与"步行校车"组织的社会力量。

Walking school is a group of children walking to and from school with adults. It has two forms: one is organized by parents, and the other is organized by parents, school and social organizations. It has four steps to organize: identifying participants, assessing practicability, planning and evaluation. This paper researches reasons and takes Portland as examples. It gives such suggestions as making route and program of walking school bus,improving public works and a safe environment for walking school bus, coordinating social resources to participate walking school bus.