我国市域基本公共服务均等化的空间演变与影响因素

Analyses on the Spacial Evolution of the Equalization of Urban Public Services in China and the Contributory Factors

采用熵值法对我国2001年和2010年地级市的基本公共服务水平的演变及质量特征进行空间分析,显示2001年大部分区域公共服务严重不足,公共服务优化区呈点状分布,东部高于西部,经济发达区高于落后区,与转移支付、当地人均财政收入、经济发展水平、城镇化水平以及城市规模依次正相关;经过十年的发展,2010年公共服务水平整体得到提高,但幅度不大,空间上不均等,以东部高于西部、经济发达区域为核心的沿海高于内地呈梯度分布,部分西北部旅游城市的公共服务水平得到提高;其原因在于转移支付为公共服务提高提供了外部支持,当地的财政收入为公共服务提供了越来越多的内生力量,而人口增长及人口密度是制约公共服务提高的主要因素;其次,大城市的公共服务能力较高,中小城市的公共服务水平严重不足,经济水平落后,内生力量弱,需进一步提高转移支付力度。

By using entropy method,a spacial analysis is done to the evolution and qualities of basic public services in China's prefecture-level cities in 2001 and 2010.It shows that a serious shortage of public services prevails in most regions in 2001;the regions with optimized public services scatter,and the quality of public service in the eastern developed regions is generally better than in the western undeveloped regions.All these prove a positive correlation between the quality of public service and the transfer payment,local per capita income,level of economic development,degree of urbanization and urban scale.After 10 years' development,the overall level of public service has been improved but in a moderate rate and spacially uneven.The quality of service takes on a stepladder pattern,stretching downwards from the eastern developed areas to the western less developed and undeveloped areas.Public service in the tourist cities of the northwest has been improved,because the transfer payment has provided external support while the local fiscal revenue has generated internal motives.Population growth and density are the main prohibiting factors to the improvement of public service,so are economic backwardness and weak internal motives.Further effort should be made to increase the transfer payment.