饲料添加不同脂肪及蛋白质水平对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)生长性能、体成分及消化酶活力的影响

EFFECT ON DIFFERENT DIETARY LIPID AND PROTEIN LEVEL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BODY COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIVE ENZYMES ACTIVITIES OF FRESHWATER SHRIMP MACROBRACHIUM NIPPONENSIS

本实验以64d为限,设A1(34%),A2(38%),A3(42%)三个蛋白梯度水平和B1(5%),B2(8%),B3(11%)三个脂肪梯度水平,采用正交试验方法研究了饲料中不同脂肪及蛋白质水平对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)[平均体重(0.69±0.23)g]生长性能、体成分和消化酶活力的影响。结果表明,脂肪和蛋白质水平对日本沼虾成活率影响不显著(P>0.05),脂肪水平对32d相对增重率和特定生长率影响显著(P<0.05)。B3组的特定生长率和相对增重率均显著低于B1和B2组(P<0.05)。全虾和肌肉的脂肪含量显著地受饲料脂肪水平的影响(P<0.05)。饲料中蛋白质水平对全虾的干物质、蛋白质和灰分含量,以及肌肉中脂肪、蛋白质含量影响显著(P<0.05)。饲料脂肪水平对肝胰脏中脂肪酶活力影响显著(P<0.05),蛋白水平对肝胰脏中脂肪酶、蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力影响不显著(P>0.05)。本文认为日本沼虾饲料脂肪水平应以5%—8%较为合适,蛋白质水平应在38%左右较为合适。

A bifactorial model was used to investigates the effect of dietary lipid and protein on growth performance, body composition and digestive enzymes activities of freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium nipponensis. Nine groups of M. nipponensis with three replicates and 10 shrimp [average weight(0.69±0.23)g] per replicate were fed nine experimental diets containing three lipid levels(5%, 8% and 11%) and three protein levels(34%, 38% and 42%) for 64 days. The result showed that survival rate(SR) of M. nipponensis were not affected significantly(P>0.05) by dietary lipid and protein. Weight gain(WG) and specific growth rate(SGR) of 32 days for M. nipponensis were affected significantly(P<0.05) by dietary lipid. When grouped by lipid levels, the SGR and WG of M. nipponensis fed the diets B3 were lower than that of shrimp fed the diets B1 and B2(P<0.05). Whole-body and muscle crude lipid(EF) were affected significantly(P<0.05) by dietary lipid. Proximate analysis indicated that whole-body dry matter(DM), crude protein(CP) and ash contents or muscle CP and EF contents were affected significantly(P<0.05) by dietary protein. Hepatopancreas lipase activities were affected significantly(P<0.05) by dietary lipid. Hepatopancreas protease, lipase and amylase activities were not affected significantly(P>0.05) by dietary protein. In conclusion, positive impacts of optimizing protein and lipid component in terms of economic and environmental concerns, diet containing lipid 5%—8% and protein 38% with protein was beneficial consequences of further refinement of commercial M. nipponensis production feed.