少数民族视野下的东西方文化冲突与民族国家建构——以沈从文与老舍为中心

Cultural Conflicts between the East and the West and the National State Construction in the Perspective of Ethnic Minority——Centering on Shen Congwen and Lao She

社会动荡加剧了文化间的交流与整合,在这个过程中,通过对文化的选择性认同,从而建构了各自的知识谱系。作为少数民族作家的沈从文与老舍,正是通过他们对东西方文化的选择性认同,从而在东西方文化剧烈冲突的清末民初,建构了属于个体性的民族国家观念。这不仅是少数民族作家的文学选择,更是他们在国际国内局势动荡的岁月,将所属民族与整个民族国家的走向联系起来进行思考的结果。尽管因为文化与身份的分裂而使得他们在处理两者关系的时候呈现出某种尴尬,但就总体上来说,这种尴尬也正体现了他们重构民族文化主体性的努力。

Social turbulence intensifies cultural communications and integrity between cultures. During this process, by selective cultural identity, each culture has constructed its own knowledge genealogy. It was exactly through their selective identity with eastern and western cultures that Shen Congwen and Lao She as writers of minority constructed the national state concept of individuality in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. This is not only the literary choice of writers of ethnic minority, but also the result of thinking after combining the ethnic group where they belonged with the whole nation and state. The separation of their identity from culture put them into embarrassment in dealing with the relations, but generally the embarrassment was an embodiment of their efforts to reconstruct the subjectivity of the national culture.