中国(上海)自贸试验区改革的重点:对外商投资准入实施“负面清单”管理

The Reforming Focus of the China(Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone: The Negative Listing Regulation for Foreign Investment Accession

建立上海自贸试验区是因应经济全球化发展新趋势的一项重要国家战略,是党中央作出的一项重大举措。上海自贸试验区旨在抓住全球服务贸易和投资规则重构的时机,主动去适应国际高标准的规则要求,来推进我国服务业和服务贸易的发展,在新一轮的国际经济竞争中抢占先机。在上海自贸试验区先行先试的与投资有关的改革措施中,难度最大但也最重要的是对外商投资准入实行"负面清单"管理模式。这一改革对上海自贸试验区的整体改革起到纲举目张的作用,同时亦是以开放倒逼改革的主要着力点。负面清单管理是保证政府管理体系透明化和法制化的一个重要手段,是政府经济治理体系现代化的标志之一。现阶段上海自贸试验区外商投资准入管理负面清单设计仍存在一些难点,诸如对产业编码长度的选择和对现有的不符措施的梳理、如何在制定负面清单时通过清理不符措施以切实减少对外商投资准入的限制和提高投资便利化的程度、如何确定需要保留将来采取不符措施权力的行业和领域等,这需要我们通过锐意改革和不断创新加以逐步改进和完善。

Establishing the China(Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone(PFTZ) is an important national strategy meeting the new trend of economic globalization and a big movement made by the Central Party. It's a good chance for the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone to take advantage of global trade of services and investment rules reconstruction. China should meet the demand of the international rules to promote the development of China's service industry and trade in service. Among all the Shanghai PFTZ reforming measures in relation to investment, the 'negative list' is the most difficult one, and also an essential one to promote the reform. Negative listing regulation is an important mean to improve the transparency and legalization of government administration system, and is also one of symbols for modernization of governmental economy control regime. There are some diffi culties when designing the negative list, such as the choice of industry code length, the carding of existing discrepancy measures, the reduction of foreign investment access limitation, and the raise of degree of investment facilitation.