《中国加入议定书》研究的两个十年——兼论加入议定书的强制执行性等问题

China's Protocol of Accession: Two Decades of Research and a Theory of Indirect Enforceability

2001年中国入世后,国内外学者对中国加入议定书及"加入WTO法"进行了比较广泛和深入的研究。在2011年的原材料案裁决之后,国内外的研究进入了新阶段,尤其体现为对加入议定书法律地位等根本性问题的反思。中国的加入议定书包含了大量特殊义务,中国迄今作为当事方的WTO争端有半数以上与议定书条款有关,因此进一步深化加入议定书研究具有重要的实践价值。本文就议定书研究的方法论提出了建议,并就加入议定书的"间接适用论"以及2016年后其他成员是否有权在对华反倾销中继续使用特殊的价格比较方法这两个具体问题发表意见。

Following China's accession to the WTO in 2001, wide-ranging research has been conducted with respect to China's Protocol of Accession as well as the law of WTO Accession in general. And the research in this respect entered into a new stage since the Panel Report of the case China-Raw Materials was issued in 2011. In particular, certain fundamental issues such as the legal status of protocols of accession are reconsidered since then. Notwithstanding, it is of signifi cant practical values to further enhance the research, particularly for China, because China's Protocol of Accession contains a large quantity of WTO-plus obligations, and, meanwhile, more than half of the disputes to which China is a party involve certain provisions of the Protocol. This article gives several pieces of advice regarding the methodology for the further research, and presents views with respect to two specifi c issues, i.e.(1) the protocols of accession are not directly but just indirectly enforceable under the DSU,(2) the special methodology for price comparison shall not be permitted in anti-dumping proceedings against Chinese products after 11 December 2016.