孙中山：中国现代化的伟大先行者

Dr. Sun Yat-sen: A Great Forerunner of Chins's Modernization

孙中山先生不仅是中国民主革命的伟大先行者，而且也是中国现代化的伟大先行者，他为探索中国现代化道路做出了新颖独特的四大理论贡献：（一）中国现代化目标──振兴中华论，他是这个口号和目标的最早倡导者。振兴中华论体现了把民族忧患意识和民族复兴意识统一起来的现代民族精神和爱国主义；（二）中国现代化纲领──三民主义论。其本质是属于资本主义范畴的，其闪光点在于探索一种趋向于人民主体论的中国现代化模式，以求超越资本主体论的西方现代化模式；（三）中国现代化道路──自主开放论。他是中国对外开放、利用外资的首倡者，他要求把对外开放的全面性与独立自主的主体性结合起来；（四）中国现代化文化──综合创新论。他主张走“古今中外、综合创新”的道路，吸收中国传统的母体文化和西方近现代文化之精华，综合创造中国新文化。“孙中山的三民主义论──毛泽东的新民主主义论──邓小平的中国特色社会主义论”，这是２０世纪前期、中期、后期推动中国走向现代化的三位巨人和三面旗帜；从毛泽东到邓小平，继承了孙中山现代化思想精华，扬弃了他的历史局限和思想局限，终于使世纪之交的中国迎来了现代化的关键期、起飞期。

Dr. Sun Yat-sen was a great forerunner not only of China's democratic revolution, but also of China's modernization. In exploring all the possible ways of modernizing China, he has made 4 major theoretical contributions which are both unique and original: 1) The aim of china's modernization──the theory of rejuvenation China. He was the initiator of the concept of rejuvenating China, embodying a modern national spirit and patriotism which integrate a sense of anxiety over the fate of the nation with a sense of national revival. 2) The guiding principles of China's modernization──the Three Principles of China's modernization─the Three Principles of the People (Nationalism, Democracy and the people's Livelihood). The essence of these principles lies in the exploration of a unique pattern of Chinese modernization with the people as its foundation, in an attempt to transcend the Western pattern of modernization with capital as its foundation. 3) The ways of modernizing China──autonomy and opening to the outside world. He first proposed China's opening to the outside world and the use of foreign capital. He insisted on combining the comprehensiveness of opening to the outside world with a subjectivity of independence and autonomy. 4) A modernized Chinese culture──the theory of comprehensive innovation, an innovation which draws upon 'the ancient as well as the modern, the Chinese as well as the foreign'. A new type of socialist culture will be created from a comprehensive absorption of traditional Chinese culture as the parent culture and the essence of modern and contemporary Western culture. Sun Yat─sen and The Three Principles of the People, Mao Zedong and The Theory of New Democracy, and Deng Xiaoping and The Theory of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics: these are the three giants and three banners guiding China towards modernization respectively in the earlier, middle and later periods of the 20th century. Both Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping inherited the essence of Dr. Sun Yat─sen's ideas of modernization and discarded his historical and ideological limitations, thus ushering in a crucial and a takeoff period for China's modernization in the next century.