合同落空、情势变更与不可抗力──兼论我国相应立法的模式选择

Frustration , Clausula Rebus sic Stantibus and Force Majeure──Also on the Selection of the Corresponding legislative Modle in China

合同落空与情势变更是分别存在于英美法系国家和大陆法系国家的合同法中的重要制度。它们之间以及它们与不可抗力制度之间既有联系又有区别。相比之下，英美法中的广义合同落空原则更宜于理解和便于操作。我国在制订统一的合同法时，可考虑在合同效力部分并列规定履约不可行与合同目的落空制度，或并列规定不可归责于当事人的给付不能和情势变更制度；也可以通过制定完整的不可抗力制度来发挥上述制度的功效。

Frustration and clausula rebus sic stantibus are both important doctrines existing separately in the contract laws of civil law countries and common law countries. Between them,and among them and the Force Majeure doctrine,there is differences as well as similarities.Comparatively speaking,the practice of common law countries is more understandable. It is suggested that when enacting the uniform contract law in China, the doctrines of frustration and impraticability of performance,or the doctrines of clausula rebus sic statibus and non-performance for which a party is not reliable are employed, we may also achineve the same result by perfecting our Force Majeure system.