《浮士德》与神秘主义

Faust and Mysticism

歌德《浮士德》中的神秘现象及主人公的巫士身份，长期以来并未受到评论界应有的重视。本文试从三个方面对这些现象加以论述：１．巫术的动机：歌德从被视为异端的神秘主义著作及活动和基督教正统观念中接受了关于“巫术”的矛盾界说：前者认为它是超自然的力量，后者认为它是“否定”、“毁灭”的代名词。２．影响的焦虑：这两种界说交叉影响着人物形象和主题，作者对浮士德既爱又厌恶，既肯定又否定。３．欲望与毁灭。伴随着浮士德欲望追求的是一系列的毁灭意象，歌德采用巫术题材的意义正在于对正统、秩序、权威乃至文明的反叛与否定。

Mysticism and the wizard identity of heroes in Faust haven't been paid much attention in studies on Goethe. The author discusses this issue in three aspects. 1. Motives of witchcraft──Goethe received contradictory definitions of witchcraft from mysticism and the christianity. It's a supernatural strength as well as a symbol of destruction. 2. Anxiousness of influencement──. the two definitons influenced Goethe at the same time, heeping to make his characters theme and feelings contradictory──a love-and-hate phenomenon. 3.Desire and destroy──There are many images of destruction going with desire. Goethe used the destructive meaning of witchcraft to express the theme: to deny and combat the orthodox, order、authority and even civilzation is justified.