自行车运动员群体和个体体能结构特征的研究

Structural Features of Athletic Abilities of Group and Individual Cyclists

通过两年追踪研究,观察到自行车运动员群体体能是由心输出能力、肌力或作功能力及综合能力等3个主要因素构成的;个体体能结构的主要成分具有各自的特点。同时,对速度、速度耐力及耐力项目成绩敏感的体能指标也表现出群体与个体、个体与个体的差别。说明运动员个体对训练负荷的适应和机能的相互补偿机制有很大差异。建议在负荷安排和机能监控中应重视个体特征。

It was observed after two years trail study that the athletic abilities of a group cycilsts were composed of three main factors of heart output,muscle strength (or working ability) and synthetic ability,while those of the individual cyclists were of their own characteristics.The physical indexes seneitive to speed,endurance and speed endurance also indicated differences between group and individuals and among individuals themselves.The results showed that there were great differences existing among indiviual cyclists in the adaption to training load and mutual compenstion of physical function. it is thus suggested that individual features should be paid attention to in load arrangement and physical ability control in training.