俄国社会史研究的传统及其在当代的发展

THE STATES OF SOCIAL HISTORY IN RUSSIA

目前,有关西方社会史研究的状况、流派及趋向等问题已经引起学者们的关注,在这一领域的研究已取得初步成果。毫无疑问,社会史研究的兴起,使历史科学在本世纪获得了重要进展。因此,我们认为,对俄国及前苏联的社会史研究也不应忽视。社会史研究曾是俄国传统史学及前苏联历史科学的重要方面,尽管在一个多世纪的发展过程中,经历了不少坎坷,但所取得的经验和成就还是主要的,有许多东西值得我们研究和借鉴。当然,对俄国社会史研究的传统及其在当代的发展作总体性的论述,是一个很大的题目,在一篇论文里难以囊括。为此,本文仅从几个方面作些尝试性的分析。

By the 19th century, the extraordinary sharpness of social conflicts caused by Russia's peculiar social structure called attention of many liberal bourgeois historians to social problems in history which had led to various conflicts and tumultuousness. Their achievements in researches were rather significant. The scientific exposition of the law of human history from the historical materialism and great attention paid to the history of working people and classes struggle resulted in a steady progress of researches on the social history during the time of USSR and in remarkable features of the historiography of USSR. And the dominant position of dogmatized Marxism for a long time in USSR greatly, however, affected its researches on the social history. The present researches on the social history in Russia are revived owing to a critical inheritance of good traditions in researches on the social history and to a wide assimitation and references of the contemporary new achievements in the humanities and the natural sciences.