当代西方史学的演变与中国史学

Changes In The Contemporary Western And Chinese Historiography

这里所谓“当代”,是指20世纪,尤其是20世纪下半叶。20世纪的西方史学,发生了根本性的变化,其主要表现是新史学的崛起及其终于在二战后取代传统史学而成为西方史学的主流。 西方的新史学兴起于20世纪上半叶。它是作为传统史学的对立面而出现的。西方的传统史学可以兰克(Leopold Von Ranke,1795-1886)史学及其后的实证主义史学为代表。它与19世纪欧美各国的实证主义思潮相一致,影响颇大。

In the 20th century, the Western historiography has come to a thorough changes; and the main change is of the paradigm, i. e. the change from the old history to the new history. And the contemporary Chinese historiography has achieved great successes since 1949 and since the 'reform and openness 'in particular, but is yet situated in a transitional, mixed period as for its paradigm, i.e. the period in which coexist some characteristics of the new history and some of the old history. In order to get its further development, while critical learning from the Western history, the Chinese historiography must bring its own strong points into full play and follow its own line.