历史认识真理的界定及其相关问题

On Historical Knowledge

一、问题的提出 沪版《学术月刊》1994年第4期上刊出的赵吉惠先生《科学主义、教条主义对当代历史认识论研究的影响》一文(下文简称赵文),对历史认识真理的含义作了如下的阐述:“对于自然科学的认识,我们可以说:符合实际的认识便是真理。过去我们一般也把这个真理标准应用于历史认识领域,认为符合历史实际的认识便是历史认识的真理。但是,细致推敲起来,这是有问题的,谁能知道早已发生过的‘历史实际’是什么样子呢?我们前面已经叙述过,所谓‘历史实际’,便是历史学家的主体重构,这个‘重构’的历史。

The author maintains that the historical knowledge is more complicated than ordinary ones, so that it is rather difficult to say whether the historical knowledge is true or false. However, it will be utterly absurd that we define the authenticity of the historical truth is not in keeping with one of the historical reality because it's unable to make a direct examination of historical facts. Meanwhile, we can't say that the historical reality of the historical knowledge is just the subjective refabrication of historians.