有限和无限结荚习性大豆叶片解剖及光合特性的比较研究

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC TRAITS AND LEAF ANATOMY BETWEEN DETERMINATE AND INDETERMINATE SOYBEAN CULTTVARS

利用浮力法测定了大豆主茎不同节位叶片体积、厚度、密度、叶内空间体积及叶片和叶肉密度,结合叶片光合速率、可溶性蛋白及叶绿素含量的测试,分析了各性状在大豆植株上的立体表现,比较了叶形相似的有限和无限结荚习性两个大豆品种主茎叶片结构及光合性状的差异。结果如下: 叶片在初生叶,7—8和13—16节复叶较厚,以单位叶面积表示的光合速率,可溶性蛋白含量,叶绿素含量也在初生叶,7—8和13—16节复叶出现峰值。上述峰值的位置与叶片体积、叶肉体积、叶内空间体积、叶片密度、叶肉密度的峰值位置相似,这表明叶片的光合活性等特性与叶片的解剖结构有密切的关系。 虽然上述性状在以单位叶面积表示时两品种间差异较小,但以整叶表示时差异较大,尤其在中上部节位的叶片上表现更明显,这是因为有限结荚习性的早丰1号中上部节位的叶片较无限型的长农4号同节位的叶片面积大,因而上述性状在早丰1号植株上的分布近似倒塔形,而在长农4号则近似纺缍形。

Using the buoyancy mathod, the leaf volume, thickness, density, volume of inerspace, mesophyll density at different nodes were measured. Combined with the investigation on leaf photosynthetic rates, soluble protein and chlorophyll contents, the vertical states of above traits were analyzed. The difference was compared in structure and photosynthetic rates of the leaves on main steams between determinate and indeteminate soybean cultivars with similar leaf morphology. The results are as follows:Thicker leaves were found at primary leaf, trifoliolates leaves on 7 -8 and 13-16node, and higher velues were also found at these nodes on photosynthetic rates, soluble protein contents, chlorophyll contents based on per unit leaf area. The peak values of leaf volume ,mesophyll volume, inerspace volume in leaf, leaf density and nesophyll density were persisted with the leaves at the similar nodes as above ones. These results indicate that there were close relations between leaf photosynthetic traits (such as photosynthetic rate) and leaf anatomical structure.Although the difference of above traits was not great between two cultivars based on per leaf area, it was relatively great between the two if based on per leaf .especialy in the leaves Zao Feng 1(determinate'cultivar) was larger than that of Chang Nong 4 (indeterminate one)at middle and top nodes.So the distribution form of above photosynthetic and anatomical traits on Zao Feng 1 plant approximated to a inverted tower, while that on Chang Nong 4 plant approximated to a spindle form.