门急诊护士职业暴露的危险因素及防范措施

Risk factors and precautionary measures of nurses' occupational exposure in the out-patient and emergency departments

目的:了解门急诊护士职业暴露的危险因素及防范措施。方法:对48例职业暴露的门急诊护士进行调查,对其暴露过程、暴露物品、处理及追踪等进行分析。结果:职业暴露发生率从高到低依次为发生锐器伤58.33%,各种液体污染37.50%,其它4.16%。暴露原因为治疗护理时占64.58%,手术及配合时占10.41%,处理器械用物时占25.00%。所有的职业暴露者均做妥善处理,暂未发现因职业暴露而感染血源性传播性疾病。结论:加强对门急诊护士职业暴露的知识培训,增强其个人防护意识,加强发生职业暴露后的支持系统,是减少门急诊护士职业暴露的关键。

[Objective]To learn the risk factors and precautionary measures of the occupational exposure of nurses in the out-patient and emergency departments.[Method]An investigation was made among 48 nurses on occupational exposure.An analysis was conducted on the process of exposure,the source,its treatment and tracing.[Result]The rates of occupational exposure rank as follows:sharp instrument injury,58.33%;liquid contamination,37.50%;and others,4.16%.The causes of exposure are in the course of curing and nursing(64.58%),operation and assistance(10.41%) and disposal of the instruments (25%).All the nurses of occupational exposure were treated properly and no blood - transmitted diseases were infected.[Conclusion] To reduce the occupational exposure of nurses in the out - patient and emergency departments,it is vital to train their knowledge on occupational exposure,to enhance their awareness of protection,and to improve the supporting system.