毛泽东外交战略的国内根源——官僚政治与群众路线的两难选择

Origin of Mao Zedong's Diplomatic Strategy:A Dilemma of Bureaucratic Politics and the Mass Line

毛泽东,作为新中国第一代领导人,其外交战略在很大程度上反映了中国的传统和现实,同时也为今天的中国外交留下了很多启示与教训。在改革开放的今天,中国与世界的关系日趋密切,中国的国际地位有了很大提高。回顾老一辈革命家的外交战略和外交经验,对我们理解今天中国外交的国内国际基础,及其未来发展,具有深远的意义。本文主要是以毛泽东在中国革命和现代化建设的国内经验中存在的官僚政治与群众运动的两难选择,来分析各个时期两者关系是如何影响毛泽东的外交战略的。希望本文能够为围绕毛泽东外交战略中的得与失的争议,提供一个将国内政治与国际政治结合的新视角。

The diplomatic strategy of Mao Zedong, one of the first generation leaders of the new China, has greatly reflected Chinese tradition and reality. Meanwhile, his diplomacy has also left a lot of inspiration and legacies for today's China. With the reform and opening-up policy, China has become more closely related with the world, and her international status has been greatly improved. It is of great significance to have a review over the diplomatic strategy and diplomatic experience of the first generation leaders. Such a review has far-reaching effects on our understanding and interpretation of today's domestic and international diplomacy, and its future development as well. This article, based on Mao Zedong's dilemma in choosing a bureaucratic politics or mass line for New China’s revolution and modernization, attempts to analyze how the relation between the two affected Mao Zedong’s diplomatic strategies in different periods. It is hoped that this paper will provide a new perspective for the controversy over the success and failure of Mao Zedong's diplomatic strategy, and for studies on domestic and international politics focus.