哀牢山矿集区构造环境演化与金多金属成矿系统

Evolution of tectonic environment and gold-polymetal metallogenic system in Ailaoshan ore concentration region,Yunnan Province,China

哀牢山金多金属矿集区是指以传统的哀牢山成矿带为中心,包括与其相邻的矿田、矿区在内的多金属矿床分布密集区,地处由哀牢山复合造山作用为纽带而发生相互联系的多个不同性质的古大地构造单元结合地带。哀牢山复合造山作用演化经历了前寒武纪-早古生代造山带基础形成、晚古生代俯冲造山作用、海西末-印支期碰撞造山作用、燕山期-新生代伸展造山作用等复杂的造山过程。伴随着造山作用演化,在矿集区内不同构造-成矿单元形成了不同性质的成矿地质环境以及与其对应的成矿系统。主要包括早中元古代扬子板块大陆边缘裂谷环境及成矿系统、中晚古生代哀牢山大陆边缘洋盆裂谷(小洋盆)-缝合带环境及汇聚大陆边缘复合成矿系统、个旧-文山复合裂陷盆地多旋回演化与复合成矿系统、金平"稳定"陆缘块体构造环境与陆内复合成矿系统及墨江-绿春多期叠加弧-裂谷盆地环境与成矿系统等。由此形成了由一系列超大型-大型锡、金、铁铜、铅锌、镍等多金属矿床组成的成矿集中区。

Ailaoshan gold-polymetal ore concentration region refers to a polymetal deposits concentration area which had traditional Ailaoshan metallogenic belt as the center,its adjacent mine fields,mine area as the details. It locates at the combining zone of ancient tectonic units with different character caused by Ailaoshan composite orogeny. The evolutional process of Ailaoshan composite orogeny includes a series of complex orogenic processes such as formation of Precambrian-Early Paleozoic orogenic belt,subduction orogenesis of Late Paleozoic era,collisional orogenesis of Late Hercynian-Indosinain,and extensional orogenesis of Yanshainan-Cenozoic. Different mineralization geological environment and corresponding metallogenic system are formed in different structural-mineralization units of Ailaoshan ore concentration area. It involves the continental margin rift setting and metallogenic system in Yangtze plate of Early-Middle Proterozoic,the Ailaoshan continental margin oceanic basin rift (little oceanic basin)-suture environment and convergent continental margin metallogenic system of Middle-Late Paleozoic,the Gejiu-Wenshan compound rift basin poly-cycle evolvement and compound metallogenic system,the Jinping 'stabilization' continental margin blocks environmental and intracontinental metallogenic system,and the Mojiang-Lvchun multi-phase superposition arc-rift basin setting and metallogenic system,etc. Series super large-large tin,gold,iron,copper,lead,zinc,nickel and other polymetal deposits ore concentration area are formed in this area.