电磁推进技术

Electromagnetic Propulsion Technology

当今,以商业为目的的卫星发射、星际探测逐年增加,降低发射成本问题也越来越被关注起来。电磁推进系统的总体设计思想就是采用直线电磁加速器使火箭等运载工具在点火发射前得到一个初始速度,从而达到节省推进剂,进而节约发射成本的目的,而且随着载荷速度的提高,总体的发射成本也将大幅度降低,对于该项技术的技术指标也可以比较宽:几百米/秒到几千米/秒。直线电磁加速器的种类选择是由载荷的质量和发射速度共同确定的,若为小质量载荷且要求发射速度较高时,则采用线圈式电磁发射器或是重接式电磁发射器,因为这两种发射器在工作过程中载荷具有自稳性,省去了磁悬浮装置,缺点是载荷所受力波动较大。若载荷质量较大且发射速度较低时,则采用大推力直线电机作为直线电磁推进器。因为速度比较低,所以可以不用磁悬浮装置,该种方式的优点是:载荷质量可以很大,载荷受力比较均匀等。

Nowadays,Satellite launch and interstellar exploration on the purpose of commerce come to increasing year by year.The problem of reducing the launch cost has been more and more attracted.The basic design idea of the electromagnetic propulsion system is adopting linear electromagnetism accelerator to make means of delivery,such as rocket etc.,to get a beginning speed before firing,thus propellants can be economized and reducing the launching cost.Furthermore,the total launching cost will be reduced significantly with the elevation of the load speed.The qualification of this technology has great variation,from several hectometers per second to several kilometers per second.The load quality and the launch speeds decide the category choice of linear electromagnetism accelerators together.The winding electromagnetic emitters or reconnection electromagnetic emitters should be adopted when small quality load and faster launch speed are required,because the load of these two kinds of emitters have self stabilization,leaving out the magnetic suspension equipment.The disadvantage of this way is the great load force fluctuation.The great thrust linear motor is regarded as linear electromagnetic thruster when greater load quality and lower launching speed are required.The magnetic suspension equipment is not needed because of the lower speed.The advantage of this way is that the quality can be great and the load can get more equality force,etc.