新型高孔隙率泡沫铝在航天回收中的减振吸能性能分析

Analysis of Anti-vibration and Energy Absorption Behaviors of Foamed Aluminium in Aerospace Recovery

在载人航天回收系统工程中,返回舱的着陆冲击减振和能量吸收性能是保证航天员和设备安全的关键。为了探讨泡沫铝减振吸能性能,采用理论建模和试验测试两种方法,根据泡沫铝材料的结构和性能特点,研究了闭孔结构铝合金在航天回收系统中的减振和能量吸收性能。建立泡沫铝减振吸能系统的几何数据模型和有限元模型,对模型进行了非线性有限元分析并进行了冲击试验。结果表明:新型高孔隙率闭孔泡沫铝材料具有优越的减振吸能性能,可以大幅降低返回舱着陆动载,有效保护航天员和机载设备,为泡沫铝在航天回收系统中的应用提供了一定的理论依据,对拓宽泡沫铝的应用具有一定的理论意义。

In the engineering system of aerospace recovery,the anti-vibration and energy absorption are key to the astronauts' and equipment's safety.In order to investigate the anti-vibration and energy absorption performance of foamed aluminum,FEM modeling and experimental validation were carried on the basis of the characteristic of its structure and capability.A geometrical data model and an FEM model were established for foamed aluminum anti-vibration and energy absorption system,and analyzed by using nonlinear FEM.The result shows that the foamed aluminum with high porosity has the predominant anti-vibration and energy absorption performances.It can reduce the overload greatly and protect astronauts and equipments efficiently.The research gives a theoretic basis for the application of foamed aluminum in aerospace recovery.