水源保护区水质保护实行经济补偿机制的探讨

Discussion on Economic Compensation for Water Quality Protection in Water Source Protection Areas

目前,我国对水资源的保护措施的制定基本是建立于功能分区的基础上,对排入不同功能水域的污染物实施不同的排放标准,水源保护区必须执行严格的水质保护措施,使得水资源保护利用出力区与受益区明显错位,是必须实行受益补偿的典型例子。本文从水源保护区水质保护经济补偿的必要性出发,尝试对受益经济补偿的实质、理论依据、补偿内容及补偿费用的计量方法等方面进行探讨,提出了补偿的内容和方法。

As an effective economic instrument of environmental protection,the policy that the producers or exploiters must compensate for environment damages they made aims at reducing the harmful behavior.Based on a bulk of theories of environmental economics, beneficial compensation was defined as the people who benefit from environmental protection measures must pay or assume the cost.Because water resources protection measures are generally based on the environmental function divisions in China,different discharge criteria are adopted in different environmental function divisions of water body.Strict pollutant discharge criteria must be implemented in water source protection areas without any compensation,which always make the protection contributing areas different from the beneficial areas.As a typical example of beneficial compensation,the economic compensation for water quality protection measures in source protection areas would be the main objective of this research.The necessity of this kind of compensation was discussed first,followed by the essence of beneficial compensation,theoretic basis,compensation contents and calculation method of compensation charges.