三种方法提取马铃薯茎叶挥发成分及其清除DPPH自由基能力研究

Study on extraction of volatile composition from stem and leaf of potato by three methods and their scavenging ability againt DPPH radicals

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法、微波辅助溶剂法以及超声波辅助溶剂萃取法提取成熟期马铃薯茎叶挥发性成分。水蒸汽蒸馏法与微波辅助溶剂法的产油率均为0.53%(质量分数)。微波辅助溶剂法的条件是以正己烷为溶剂,萃取温度60℃,时间9 min,料液比1∶10(m/V)。超声波溶剂萃取法是在乙醚为溶剂料液比1∶3(m/V),萃取温度30℃,时间60 min,功率60%的条件下进行的,产油率为0.52%(质量分数)。研究了上述3种方法提取的精油的消除DPPH自由基的能力,结果表明当精油用量为0.4 mL时,对DPPH自由基(2.0×10-4mmol)清除率分别为:水蒸汽蒸馏法56.3%、微波辅助溶剂蒸馏法70.5%、超声波溶剂萃取法58.0%。3种提取方法获得的精油都有一定的抗氧化作用。

The volatile composition from the stem and leaf of mature potato are extracted using three methods as hydrodistillation(HD),microwave assisted solvent extraction(MA-SE) and ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction(UA-SE).The yield can be 0.53%(w/w) by HD as same as by MA-SE under 60℃,9 min and the ratio of solid to solvent(n-hexane) is 1∶10(w/V).The UA-SE method with 0.52% yield(w/w) is carried out under the following extraction conditions:30℃,60 minutes,60% of max power and 1∶3(w/V) of the ratio of solid to solvent(ethyl ether).The scavenging ability of the essential oil obtained by above three methods are studied against the DPPH radical(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl with a concentration of 2.0×10-4 mmol),and the result indicates that the scavenging rate are 56.3%,70.5% and 58.0%,respectively,when 0.4 mL of the essential oil is used.The three essential oils all have some certain antioxidant activities.