晋西果农间作光竞争及产量研究

Light competition and yield of fruit-crop intercropping system in western Shanxi Province

以晋西黄土高原现有主要果农复合模式即富士苹果--大豆(PD)、富士苹果--花生(PH)、富士苹果--玉米(PY)3种配置结构为研究对象,通过定位对比测定分析3种复合模式中富士苹果与作物光合有效辐射(PAR)、净光合速率(Pn)与产量的关系。结果表明:3种间作模式中随着作物植株由低到高(花生<大豆<玉米),作物接收的光合有效辐射逐渐增高,而果树的光合有效辐射则随着间作作物植株高度增加而逐渐减少;果树的净光合速率变化和光合有效辐射变化一致,在PY、PH、PD模式中间作作物净光合速率逐渐减小;作物距果树树干由近及远,作物的光合有效辐射和净光合速率也逐渐增高。说明在果树栽植密度确定条件下,不同作物高度、种植密度决定不同复合模式光竞争状况;PD、PH、PY3种复合模式产投比分别为4.042:1、4.036:1和3.404:1,PD、PH2种间作模式效益要高于单作苹果的效益,可在晋西地区推广。

Targeting three fruit-crop intercropping models,i.e.apple-soybean(PD),apple-peanut(PH) and apple-corn(PY) in the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province,we analyzed the relationship of apple and crops of the three models in photosynthetic active radiation(PAR),photosynthetic rate(P_n) and yield.The results showed that,in the three intercropping models,as the average height of crops increased(peanut < soybean < maize),PAR of the crops also increased,but PAR of apple trees reduced;variation of P_n of apple trees followed the same trend with PAR,and in the three models,P_n of crops decreased in the order of PY>PH>PD;as the distance between crops and apple trees increased,PAR and P_n of crops increased.The results indicates that under the given planting density of apple trees,different planting densities of crops affect light competition in different intercropping models;the ratios of output to input in PD,PH and PY models are 4.042:1,4.036:1 and 3.404:1,and models of PD and PH are more applicable than PY for popularization in the western areas of Shanxi Province.