自然杀伤T细胞的研究进展

Advances in Studies on Natural Killer T Cells

自然杀伤T细胞(NKT)是一类具有NK受体和T细胞受体且显示NK细胞和T细胞两方面性质的淋巴细胞。因其表型和功能与T细胞,B细胞和NK细胞等免疫细胞有所不同,近年来颇受关注。NKT细胞具有高度保守的TCR表型(TCRVα24/Vβ11-人),同时共表达NK细胞特有标志CD161。NKT细胞识别由CD1d分子提呈的特异糖脂分子,并能够分泌大量细胞因子,参与机体的先天性免疫和获得性免疫反应。研究发现,NKT细胞在抗感染,抗肿瘤,以及抑制自身免疫性疾病(如:肥胖型糖尿病,再生障碍性贫血等)的发生中发挥着重要作用。本文将对有关NKT细胞特征和功能的研究现状,以及存在的问题作一综述。

(NKT) express NK receptor and TCR,thus presenting the character of these two lymphocytes.In recent yean,NKT are concerned for its difference in T,B and NK cells.NKT express highly conservative TCR(TCRVα24/Vβ11 in human) as well as CD161 which on the surface of NK cells.NKT recognize glycolipid antigens presented by non-polymorphic major histocompatibility complex(MHC) class I—like protein CD1d,and secret a lot of cytokines which involve in innate immune and acquired immune response. Studies showed that NKT play an important role in anti—infective,antitumor and inhibiting autoimmune diseases(such as NOD,aplastic anemia).In this article the present status of NKT properties study are reviewed and? problems met in studies discussed.