生物固定化技术及其应用研究进展

Research Advances and Application Prospect of Biological Immobilization

生物固定化技术具有小型高效、稳定性好、操作简便、易实现连续化、自动化控制等优点,在生物、医药、农业、食品、化工、能源开发、环境保护等方面得到了广泛应用。当前生物固定化的材料已由单一的酶发展到含酶菌体或菌体碎片。固定化方法主要包括载体结合法、交联法和包埋法,这些方法近年来都通过发展新型材料和技术得到了长足发展,生物固定化技术在有机污染物净化、土壤重金属污染修复、真菌毒素降解、生物能源开发等方面都取得了重要进展。今后应在开发固定化生物资源、提高固定化微生物活性、固定化机理和应用等方面加强研究。

The technique of biological immobilization is becoming an important remediation method and widely used in biology, medication,agriculture and environment protection,for its significant advantages of high concentration of microorganisms,fast reaction, less loss of microorganism and could be controlled easily.The materials of biological immobilization have been developed from single enzyme to enzyme-containing cell.Method of immobilization also has been developed in new material and technique,including adsorption,cross-link and embed.Important progress has been taken in remediation and degradation for removal organic contaminations, soil heavy metal,and mycotoxins,and in exploitation of bio-energy.It is necessary to strengthen research about biological resources exploitation,microorganism activities enhancement,mechanism and application of immobilization in the future.