气候变化对北京市水资源可持续利用的影响及对策

Study on the Influences and Countermeasures of Climatic Change to the Sustainable Development of Water Resources in Beijing Area

北京是严重缺水的大城市,目前人均拥有量300m3左右,为世界平均值的4%,全国平均值的16%。随着城市的发展,水资源的严重不足已成为影响北京市可持续发展的障碍因素。本文分析了北京地区水资源的特点、现状,包括地表水及地下水资源的开发利用及其存在问题,重点分析了近50a来的气候变化对水资源的影响,对未来50a水资源需求量和可供量做出预测,并进行了评估分析。在此基础上,从气象学角度提出了缓解水资源紧缺的对策,以实现水资源的可持续发展与利用。

Water is seriously insufficient in Beijing.Now average possession quantity of water per citizen is 300m3 in Beijing,only 4 percent of average value of the world and 16 percent of the whole China.With the development of the city,the shortage of water resources will be an obstacle of the sustainable development in Beijing.In this paper,characteristics,the status and shortcoming of water resource utilization in Beijing were analyzed,including surface water and ground water.Climate change and its influences on water resource were analyzed emphatically.In addition,demand and possible supply quantity of water resource in the future fifty years was predicted.Based on the above analyses,some meteorological countermeasures were presented to prevent the serious shortage of water resource in order to maintain its sustainable development and utilization.