黑龙港地区2007/2008年度小麦生产特点和气象条件分析

Features of 2007/2008 Wheat Production in Heilonggang Area and Analysis of Climate Condition

2007/2008年度在晚播条件下不仅产量未减,而且在328.1mm的低蒸散量情况下,实现了7155.9kg/hm2的高产和2.18kg/m3的高水分生产率(WUE)。通过分析相应的气象资料,结果表明,(1)当年热量分布较好,返青、拔节和孕穗期气温偏高,较常年积温偏多147.3℃.d,较2000年后平均积温偏多58.9℃.d,利于晚播发育;而灌浆期温度又偏低,较2000年后平均积温少26.7℃.d,有利于灌浆;(2)降雨量分布合理,前期少而孕穗期和灌浆期多于常年;(3)光照分布较好,小麦返青时段日照充足,较常年多15h,有利于晚播小麦生长;5月份小麦灌浆期日照时数较常年多25h,有利于灌浆。研究结果对未来高产高水分生产效率栽培措施的研究具有重要意义。

Heilonggang Area was an important wheat production region in Hebei province,but characterized with serious water shortage,thus the water-saving and high-yielding technique was quite essential.During the 2007/2008 wheat production year,some special features for wheat production appeared,and the case was that delayed sowing date did not lead to yield lost,moreover,at a very low ET(328.1mm),a high yield of 7155.9 kg/ha and a high WUE of 2.18 kg/m3 were realized.The reason for the case was analyzed by measures of irrigation experiment combined with comparison of historical climate data.The result showed that the special features of the case were mainly attributed to the following weather factors.1) suitable temperature pattern: that during reviving,lodging and booting periods the temperature were higher and the accumulated temperature were 147.3℃ and 58.9℃ higher than that of historical and 2000 later that benefited the late sowing wheat growth;while the lower temperature at kennel filling period,the accumulated temperature 26.7℃ lower than that of 2000 later,which was good for kennel filling.2) suitable rainfall distribution: the rainfall distribution i.e less before booting stage but much more during booting and kennel filling stage than normal played a main role for the case instead of the amount,which was only 20mm greater than normal year.3) suitable sunlight distribution: that at reviving stage the accumulated sunlight hour was 15hours longer than normal,which was good for late sowing wheat reviving and development,and during May,the kennel filling stage,the accumulated sunshine was 25 hours longer than normal,which was conductive to the kennel filling.It was the comprehensive effects of the above weather factors that lead to the result of high yielding and high WUE.The result was well implied for study on water-saving and high-yielding wheat cultivation technique in the future.