气候变暖对陕西果业的影响

Impacts of Climate Warming on Shaanxi Fruit Industry

通过对陕西主要果区4个代表气象站1961-2005年气温资料统计分析,结果表明:各果区年、季年代际平均气温均呈现变暖趋势,冬季增暖尤其明显,增暖最显著时段为20世纪90年代。延安果区为气候变暖敏感区,年增温达0.4℃/10 a,冬季增温达0.6℃/10 a;关中果区增暖不甚明显。气候变暖引发果树开花期提前,果树开花期遭遇低温冻害的机率和强度增加;也加大了果实膨大期遭遇高温热害的风险。针对气候变暖对果业的影响,结合工作经验和研究成果提出了果业生产中一系列可操作的缓解和适应气候变暖的对策建议。

By statistical analyzing the temperature data of the four main fruit representative stations in Shaanxi from 1961 to 2005,the results showed that the annual and seasonal average temperature of the various fruit district increased,particularly in winter,and the most significant warming period was in 1990s.Yan'an fruit district was the climate warming sensitive area,the annual warming was 0.4℃/10a and the winter warming was 0.6℃/10a,the warming of Guanzhong fruit district was not obvious.Climate warming resulted in flowering stage earlier,more frequency suffering to low temperature and frost damage in flower stage,and enlarged the risk of suffering to high temperature damage in fruit expending process.According to the impact of climate warming on the fruit industry,a series of operational countermeasures that mitigation and adaptation to climate warming in the fruit industry production were put forward combining with experience and research.