栉孔扇贝血细胞的形态学观察

Morphological Studies of Haemocytes of Chlamys farreri

利用光镜和电镜技术,观察了栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)血细胞的形态结构特征。扫描电镜观察显示,血细胞具有4种典型形态,分别为圆球形、椭球形、锥形、纺锤形。细胞表面凹凸不平,可观察到沟、嵴状结构。Giemsa染色、光镜观察显示,血细胞可区分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型3种,Ⅰ型细胞数量最少,核质比最高。细胞个体较小,呈圆球形;核圆形或椭圆形,中位或侧位分布;胞质少,结构均匀,染为灰色。Ⅱ型细胞数量最多,核质比最低。细胞易变形,多胞突;核形多样,呈圆形、椭圆形、肾形、分叶状不等,侧位或中位分布;胞质丰富,染为浅灰色。Ⅲ型细胞数量与核质比介于Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型之间。细胞圆球形、椭球形、纺锤形或锥形;核结构致密,侧位或中位分布;胞质较丰富,染为蓝色,内含不同数量的泡状结构。不同发育期的Ⅲ型细胞,胞质染色强度略有差异。透射电镜观察显示,Ⅰ型细胞呈圆球形,胞核大,常染色质多,异染色质少;胞质稀少,内含极少量的泡状结构及粗面内质网片段。Ⅱ型细胞形态多样,边缘不规则并伸出许多胞突;胞核圆形、椭圆形、肾形、分叶状,异染色质较多;胞质内含较丰富的线粒体、内质网片段、溶酶体及囊泡结构。Ⅲ型细胞呈圆球形或椭球形,具胞突;胞质内含丰富而密集排列的线粒体、内质网片段及囊泡结构,可见糖原区域;部分细胞呈现退化特征,如核膜溶解、核固缩、细胞器溶解等。光镜和电镜下,栉孔扇贝血细胞胞质内均未发现有明显的胞质颗粒存在。

The morphological characteristics of haemocytes of Chlamys farreri were studied by light and electron microscopy.Four types of haemocytes were observed by scanning electron microscopy: round cells,oval cells,cone-shaped cells and spindly cells.The cells have accidented surfaces.Three types of haemocytes were observed by light microscopy.Type Ⅰ haemocytes are small,round,show a high nucleus ratio.The nucleus is round or oval.The cytoplasm is small in amount and is around the nucleus.Many organelles are found in type Ⅱ haemocytes' cytoplasm.This type of haemocytes are amoeboicyte,show a low nucleus ratio.The nucleus of the type Ⅲ haemocytes are compact.According to transmission electron microscopy observation,type Ⅰ haemocytes are round or oval.The nucleus is large.The cytoplasm is small in amount.Type Ⅱ haemocytes are variform.They have erose edges and protuberances.The nuclei are round,oval,kidney-shaped.Type Ⅲ haemocytes are round or oval,have protuberances,rich in cytoplasm,containing many mitochondrions,endoplasmic reticulum segments,vesicles and glycogens,some haemocytes are effete: their organelles dissolve,their nuclei shrink slightly.According to the results,these haemocytes lack agranular haemocytes.