猕猴桃驯化改良百年启示及天然居群遗传渐渗的基因发掘

History of 100 Years of Domestication and Improvement of Kiwifruit and Gene Discovery from Genetic Introgressed Populations in the Wild

猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)是近代由野生到人工商品化栽培最为成功的植物驯化范例。该文综述了我国猕猴桃资源流失国外及其驯化改良和产业发展的100年历史,概述了我国野生猕猴桃资源的分布状况,并在总结我国猕猴桃品种选育改良、科研与产业发展的基础上,阐明了我国猕猴桃资源及其发掘利用对世界猕猴桃产业的重要影响。通过深入分析野生猕猴桃资源的可持续发掘利用问题,提出了利用天然杂交带的遗传渐渗作用开展野生植物新种质和新基因型发掘的思路。

Kiwifruit is one of the most well-known and classical examples of successful domestication and commercial cultivation from the wild in the twentieth century.This review provides a brief introduction of the 100-year history of the domestication of China's native Actinidia species in other countries and commercial development of kiwifruit industry.It also outlines the phylogeographic distribution of the natural resources of Actinidia in China and addresses the significant contribution and effect of exploitation and sustainable use of Chinese Actinidia wild resources on the world kiwifruit industry in view of recent progress of kiwifruit breeding for cultivar improvement and research and development for kiwifruit industry in China.To further exploit and sustainably use wild germplasm resources,we suggest a new concept of hybrid zone-based discovery of germplasm and genes that underlie important traits of horticultural value by selection and characterization of introgressed genotypes from a natural hybrid zone of Actinidia.