电动汽车起步加速过程的动力学建模与仿真

Dynamic modeling and simulation of starting and acceleration for electric vehicle

为了提高单电机驱动电动汽车起步加速过程的性能,通过对电动汽车的行驶阻力方程和无刷直流电机数学模型的分析,建立了电动汽车起步加速过程的动态数学模型,实现了汽车与电机系统的有机结合。在此基础上,利用Matlab7.0/Simulink软件,建立了车速与电流双闭环调速系统的仿真模型,并对车速阶跃响应进行了仿真研究。结果表明,采用车速与电流双闭环调速策略,能使电机获得良好的机械特性,使电动汽车起步加速过程更加符合驾驶人的驾驶习惯,且具有超调小、响应快、控制精度高和抗干扰能力强等优点,可满足电动汽车起步加速过程对驱动系统的要求。

In order to enhance the performance of starting and acceleration processes for electric vehicle(EV) driven by single-motor,the dynamic model is presented by analyzing the equation of running resistance and the mathematic model of brushless directing current motor(BLDCM),which can realize the reasonable combination of vehicle and motor.On the basis of this dynamic model,the simulation model of vehicle speed and current double closed-loop speed regulating system is established,and the step response of vehicle speed is simulated by employing the Matlab 7.0/Simulink software.The results show that: the mechanical properties of motor can be improved by using speed and current dual-loop speed control strategy that makes the starting and acceleration processes to correspond with the driver's driving habits;the overshoot is small,the output speed following input signal changes quickly,and the system has better performance and stronger anti-interfere ability.Therefore,the double closed-loop speed regulating system can satisfy the demands of starting and acceleration process for driving system of EV.7 figs,9 refs.