天津地区灰霾天气的气候特征分析

Climatic Characteristics of Atmospheric Haze in Tianjin Area

近几年来,环渤海地区的气溶胶污染日趋严重,灰霾天气一年四季都可以出现,造成空气质量和能见度下降。通过对天津市13个区县1981-2006年灰霾天气的统计分析,发现天津灰霾天气具有很强的季节性和地域性,灰霾天气多发于冬半年,东丽区、市区和津南区为灰霾多发区,武清区、北辰区等为少发区,两个区域灰霾日数相差3倍。灰霾日数具有明显的年际变化,20世纪80年代初期灰霾日数较多,90年代属于灰霾多发时段,但年际变化幅度较小。2000年以来,灰霾日数快速增加,达到历史的最高值。天津地区灰霾的这种特征,不仅与经济发展造成的大气污染有关,而且与气象要素具有密切的关系。

The aerosol pollution is getting worse in area around Bohai bay in recent years and atmospheric haze which causes the decrease of air quality and visiblity could be found throughout the year.By analyzing atmospheric haze of 13 districts or counties in Tianjin from 1981 to 2006,it was found that Tianjin haze mostly occurred in winter,and also that haze days existed frequently in Tianjin urban area,Dongli and Jinnan districts were nearly 3 times compared with Wuqing and Beichen districts which were the relative less haze area,indicating that Tianjin haze had very strong seasonal and spatial characteristics.Additionally,Tianjin haze had apparently annual and decadal variation.The mean annual number of haze days was comparatively large in early 1980's,and it was the same in 1990's,although there was no obvious annual variation in 1990's.Since 2000,the annual haze days have showed a rapidly increasing trend and reached the highest value.The characteristics of Tianjin haze are not only associated with air pollution resulted from economic development,but also related to variations of meteorological factors.