1985-2006年北京市海淀区城市景观格局演变及驱动因素分析

Evolvement of Urban Landscape Pattern and Its Driving Factors in Haidian District,Beijing from 1985 to 2006

以北京市海淀区为研究对象,利用1985、1991、1995、2000和2006年5个时段的TM影像数据,运用景观生态学原理,借助遥感和GIS技术,选取城市景观构成、平均斑块面积、分形维数、分离度指数和Shannon-Weaver多样性指数等,分析了海淀区21年来城市景观格局的演变。以GIS技术为数据集成分析平台,并结合海淀区发展实际,归纳总结出其景观格局演变的驱动因子。结果表明,海淀区景观格局从1985到2006年期间发生了较大的变化,耕地明显减少,城镇用地、农村居民点、工交建设用地等显著增加。城市景观斑块的平均面积增大,斑块的自相似性增强,景观多样性增加。人口增长、经济增长、工业化和城镇化和政经体制及决策是海淀区景观格局演变的主要驱动因素。

The evolvement and driving factors of urban landscape pattern in Haidian District,Beijing in the past two decades were explored based on the theory of landscape ecology and the technology of RS and GIS,using the TM images in 1985,1991,1995,2000 and 2006.The indices chosen are the structure of urban landscape,the area of average patches,fractal dimension,isolation index and landscape diversity.Taking GIS as a platform for data integrating and analyzing,the driving factors are summarized together with the development of Haidian District.The results showed that the landscape pattern in Haidian District changed greatly from 1985 to 2006.The cultivated land decreased obviously,while the areas of towns,villages,industry and traffic enlarged.The urban landscape diversity,the self-similarity of landscape patches and the average area of the patches were all increased.The growth of population and economy together with industrialization and urbanization were main factors for urban landscape pattern evolvement in Haidian District.