205例专业运动员心电图调查分析

The Analysis and the Survey of Electrocardiogram to 205 Cases of Professional Athletes

目的:了解我区专业运动员心电图改变的发生情况。方法:采用流行病学调查方法,由1名专职心电图医师对安静状态下的运动员进行心电图常规检查并分析结果。结果:我区专业运动员异常心电图检出率为54.63%。其中以窦性心动过缓最为多见,占47.8%,其次为左室高压(10.24%)、ST-T改变(9.27%)、小束支传导阻滞(5.85%)、I度房室传导阻滞(1.95%)、预激综合症(1.95%)、交界性逸博(0.49%)及窦性心动过速(0.49%)。窦性心动过缓发生率最高的项目是女子手球队,发生率最低的是跳水队。女运动员平均心率低于男运动员的平均心率,男女运动员最低心率分别是42次/min和45次/min,分别来自田径和跆拳道。男女最高心率分别为75次/min和78次/min,均出自游泳项目。结论:我区运动员心律失常发生率以及心律失常发生情况与国内多数报道相似。窦性心动过缓、左室高压、ST-T改变、小束支传导阻滞I、度房室传导阻滞被认为是运动员运动适应的结果,但需排除其它病理性疾病方可诊为运动员心脏。预激综合症、交界性逸博及窦性心动过速有导致致命性心律失常的潜在危险,可能是不适当运动的结果,建议重点监测。男女运动员心律失常发生率差异无统计学意义。我区女运动员心率储备优于男运动员。不同耐力素质要求项目中窦性心动过缓发生率不同,女子手球队整体耐力素质较突出,而游泳队的耐力素质有所欠缺。

Objective: To understand the epidemiological status of ECG in professional athletes of Guangxi.Method: Athletes heart are checked though ECG and the EGC results are analyzed by specialized physicians.Result: The incident rate of abnormal ECG is 54.63%.The most incident type of arrhythmia is sinus bradycardia and the incident rate of sinus bradycardia is 47.8%.Followed by high-pressure ventricular(10.24%),ST-T change(9.27%),small brand heart-block(5.85%),I degree atrioventricular block(1.95%),Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome(1.95%),Junctional escape(0.49%),Sinus tachycardia(0.49%).The average heart-rate of women is lower than the rate of man.The lowest basal heart rate of male athletes is 42b/min from Track and Field,and of female athletes is from Taekwondo.The highest basal heart rate of male is the same as female and all is 73b/min from Swimming.Conclusion: The rate of arrhythmia in athletes of Guangxi is the same as the rate of severed domestic reports.Some arrhythmi,such as sinus bradycardia,high-pressure ventricular,ST-T change,small brand heart-block,I degree atrioventricular block,etc.were regarded as the adaptive results.Some arrhythmi,such as Junctional escape,Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome may be not the adaptive results and it should be focused on monitoring.The heart rate reverse of female athletes is superior than the reverse of male athletes.The overall level of endurance of woman's handball is the best while swimming team is lack in it in Guangxi.