魏玛宪法在中国的传播

Weimar Constitution and Transformation of the Constitutional Movement in the Republic of China(1912-1949)

民国知识界对魏玛宪法的认知,从起初的热烈崇拜演化为之后的理性对待;制宪也从完全照搬魏玛宪法转变为部分吸收。知识界追慕魏玛宪法显示了中国思想界宪政追求的超前姿态,以及民国宪政模式从移植向超越的转型。而魏玛宪法的精神消融于三民主义宪政话语中,一定程度显示了"中国本位"意识的觉醒,以及两种宪政模式均超越古典宪政模式的共性。

The significance of Weimar Constitution is that it broke through the framework of classical constitutionalism,direct civil rights supplemented indirect civil rights and political democracy was extended to economic democracy.The cognizance of Weimar Constitution in the intellectual circle evolved from the enthusiastic worship in the beginning to rational treatment;Constitution-making during the period of Beijing government and Nanjing government changed from copying Weimar Constitution into absorbing parts of it.That the intellectual circle pursued and admired Weimar Constitution showed the advanced stance of pursuing constitutionalism in China's ideological circle,and showed the turn of constitutional model from transplant type to transcendence type in the Republic of China(1912-1949).The spirit of Weimar Constitution melted in the constitutional discourse of Three People's Principles displayed the awareness of 'China-Standard' consciousness to a certain extent,and displayed the generality which the two constitutional models equally surpassed the classical constitutional model.