论法庭话语中的预设

Presupposition in Chinese Courtroom Discourse

在法庭审判中,预设是一种常见的语言现象。预设因其隐蔽性和主观性成为巧妙提问的一个重要手段。法官、检察官、律师常常在问话中带上"预设"命题,从而支配答话人,使答话人的答话满足自己推理的要求。预设在形式上都只有两种:一种是通过句式来预设,另一种通过句子中的某些成分来预设。预设还可构成陷阱。预设的识别和破解是一项重要的语言技能。本文从预设的一般含义、法庭预设的主要表现形式、预设的功能和预设的识别等方面,来论述预设在法庭审判中的重要性。

Presupposition is an important concept in modern linguistics and the prerequisite for using a sentence.It is a common linguistic phenomenon in China' s courtroom trial.Its invisibility and subjectivity has made it an important means to question wittily.'Presupposition'is often used by judges,prosecutors and lawyers to manipulate the answerer so that the answer can satisfy his or her reasoning.Presupposition exists only in two forms:in sentence or in certain constituents of a sentence.It can form a trap and therefore to recognize and decipher presupposition is an important linguistic skill.